Rigaku: Reflectometry, Diffraction and Reciprocal Space Mapping

• Powder diffractometry with Q-Q-geometry (2Θ ca. -3° – 160°), gracing-incidence diffraction (GID), reflectometry
• X-ray source: rotating anode Cu (K_α), line or point focus system
• Running parameter 45kV, 160mA
• Filtering of K_β, soller collimation, flexible absorber
• Primary optics: Goebel mirror, automated slit system, Johannsson monochromator and microfocus optics
• Sample environment: several different stages, Eulerian cradle
• Secondary optics: monochromator, automated slit system
• Detection system: Hypix 3000 solid state 2D-detector
• optional: capillary attachment, 0D- and 1D-detection system, heating equipment from Anton Paar
• Software: SmartLab Guidance, PDXL-Basic, PDXL-Qualitative, Global Fit XRR&RC

Bruker D8 Discover for Reflectometry:

• Reflectometer with Q-Q-Geometry (2Θ ca. -10° – 140°) or Gracing-Incidence Diffraction (GID)
• X-ray source: Anode Cu (K_α) or Mo (K_α)
• Running Parameter 45kV, 45mA
• Filtering of K_β, soller collimation, flexible absorber
• Primary optics: goebel mirror, slit system or asymetric channel cut monochromator (for both energies)
• Sample environment: several different stages, eulerian cradle
• Secondary optics: same as primary optics
• Detection system: 1-D semiconducting stripe detector (Lynxeye) or scintillation counter
• Optional: shear cell and heating equipment

 VAXSTER
(Versatile Advanced X-ray Scattering Instrument Erlangen) for Small and Wide Angle Scattering

• Small- (SAX) and wide angle scattering (WAX), gracing incidence small angle scattering (GISAX)
• X-ray source: Excillum MetalJet, 10-70kV, focal spot size 5 – 20 mm^2@max. 250W, Ga (K_α, 1.34 A)
• Collimation: source multilayer optics, collimation through 3 sets of 4-bladed slits
• Sample stage: mounting of various large space sample stages inside detector tube possible (under vacuum ~10^-5 bar), as well as externally (measurement in air/controlled vapor environment), yz-theta goniometer for transmission as well as grazing incidence applications
• Sample holders: Many different sample holders for mounting on yz-sample stage including: GISAXS sample holder, temperature-controlled Cu-holder with 5 sample-positions, Stopped-flow cell, capillary holder …
• Detection system: Pilatus 300K detector (500 Hz): three modules à 83.8×33.5 mm², 487×619 pixel à 172×172 µm², readout time of 3 ms, energy range of 4.5-36 keV at a resolution of 500 eV
• Q-range: Total Q-range: Q = 0.003-4Å^-1
  low count rates for small Q-limit, only achievable under ambient conditions;
  high Q-limit only achievable in vacuum
  individual configurations in between; e.g.: WAXS (0.05-2.5 Å^-1), MAXS (0.012-0.67 Å^-1), SAXS (0.006-0.26 Å^-1), Extreme-SAXS (0.003-0.21 Å^-1)
• Software: SPEC

SAXSpace (Anton Paar) for Small and Wide Angle Scattering

• Small angle (SAXS -> approx. 0.04° to 10°) and wide angle (WAXS, up to 74°) X-Ray scattering
• X-Ray source: 50 W Cu K_α microfocus tube
• Scatterless Kratky-base collimation system for line and point collimation
• Primary optics: focusing multilayer mirror to monochromatize and enhance X-Ray intensity
• Sample holders for liquids, pastes and solids
• Detection system: 2-D diode-array (CMOS) detector (Pilatus 100k)
• Temperature range of -30°C to +150°C (peltier heating/cooling)
• Software: SAXSdrive, SAXStreat and SAXSquant

 Philips/PANalytical X’Pert Pro-MPD Powder Diffractometer

• Powder diffraction with Q-Q-Bragg-Brentano geometry (2Θ ca. 5° – 100°), gracing-incidence powder diffraction (GID, incidence angle>≈0.2°), reflectometry
• X-ray source: Anode Cu (K_α)
• Running Parameter 40kV, 35mA
• Filtering of K_β, soller collimation
• Primary optics: Goebel mirror, slit system
• Sample environment: various sample holder systems as reflectometry stage, Eulerian Cradle …
• Detection system: semiconducting stripe detector (X’Celerator) or Gas ionisation counter (Miniprop)
• Variable step size
• optional: capillary optics

Huber Guinier Diffractometer

• Powder diffraction in transmission-geometry (2Θ fixed 10° – 100°)
• X-ray source: Anode Cu (K_α)
• Running Parameter 40kV, 35mA Primary optics: monochromator: K_α1, high angular resolution
• Detection system: Image plate online read-out, illumination time: ca. 10min – several hours
• Software: Huber guinier software

Rotating Anode Setup for Powder Diffraction:

• Powder measurement in transmission Debye-Scherrer geometry, texture analysis
• X-ray source: rotating anode Cu (K_α)
• Voltage and current up to 44 kV and 75 mA, respectively
• Primary optics: crossed Goebel mirror setup
• Sample environment: 6 axis goniometer for adjustment of sample position, In-Situ chamber for variation of temperature ramps up to 550° C, possibility for different atmospheres (vaccum, inert gases)
• Detection system: 2D ccd detector allows measurement of full diffraction rings (2-Q range from 0 -50°)
• Software: SPEC

Huber Laue System

• Laue Camera for transmission- and backscattering diffraction
• Anode Molybdenum
• Image plate detection
• Primary optics: different collimation systems

BI-200SM Goniometer (Brookhaven Instruments Corporation)

• motor driven angle selection (0.01° steps)
• narrow-band optical filters for laser wavelegths of 633, 514.5, 488 nm
• 100, 200, 400 μ pinholes for selecting coherence areas (QELS measurements)
• 1, 2, 3mm apertures for adjusting intensity (classical measurements)
• Selected photomultiplier tube (PMT) as Detector
• circulating index matching liquid with dust filter
• Temperature control approximately+5°C to 80°C
• needed sample Volume: 1.5mL (strongly diluted)
• Diode Laser 637 nm (BIC), 30mW
• Lexel95-2 (Lexel), Argon Laser, 476.5 nm – 514.5 nm, 4 W, 1.33 mm beam diameter, 0.6 mrad beam divergence

UV-Vis Spectrometer TIDAS S 500K

(TIDAS S 500K UV/NIR 1910 DH, J&M Analytik AG)

• wavelength range 187.79 – 1016.53 nm
• spectral resolution < 2.5 nm
• wavelength accuracy < 1.0 nm
• wavelength reproducibility 0.1 nm
• baseline drift at 250 nm: 5 μAU/h
• signal-to-noise ratio < 20 μAU
• integration-time range 0.7 – 10 000.0 ms
• integrated D2- & halogen light source
• detector MCS – Aspen 780 kHz
• photodiode array: 1024 pixels
• Bio-Kine 32 V4.66 for data acquisition and analysis

 Micro DSC III Analyzer (Setaram)

• High sensitivity DSC and calorimetry
• Temperature range: -20 to 120 °C
• Scanning rate: 0.001 to 1.2 °C/min
• Vessel volume: 850 µl
• Resolution: 0.3 µW
• Cooling rate from 120°C to room
• temperature: 1.5 h
• Scanning or isothermal mode
• Thermal Analysis Software: Calisto

Perkin Elmer DSC 8500 (Perkin Elmer)

• Hyper-enabled Double-Furnace Differential Scanning Calorimeter
• Cooling system: Intracooler 3 (Perkin Elmer), three stage, closed-loop circulationg heat exchanger
• Temperature range: -100 to 750 °C (by nitrogen usage)
• In-situ ballistic cooling to 2100 °C/min
• Scanning rate: 0.1 to 750 °C/min
• Sample pans: aluminium (50 µl)
• Analysis Software: Pyris